Sources & Reuse
Read complete classics in their original languages. This page records the authors, editions, and reuse information for the texts in our collection. Novel Grove is an independent reading site, not affiliated with the source libraries.
The original works listed below are in the public domain in India and Singapore based on their authors’ dates of death and the applicable terms for works published during their lifetimes. Copyright rules vary by country. Later translations, new annotations, and cover artwork can carry separate rights.
निर्मला · Nirmala
Author: प्रेमचंद · Premchand (died 1936). Original publication: 1927. Language: Hindi.
Hindi original by Premchand, from the Hindi Wikisource transcription and its contributors. Original spelling is retained; page markers and navigation were removed, and paragraph formatting adapted. Contributor material and adaptations are available under CC BY-SA 4.0 where applicable. Original public-domain text remains public domain. New cover by Novel Grove.
Read the source edition · Reuse terms · Author dates
Source chapter versions and contributor histories (adaptation: navigation and scan-page markers removed; paragraph layout adjusted; original spelling retained): 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Original text copyright term calculation: India, 1997; Singapore, 2007. These dates do not apply to unrelated modern translations or artwork.
Pride and Prejudice
Author: Jane Austen (died 1817). Original publication: 1813. Language: English.
English original. Text prepared from the Standard Ebooks edition. Original author credited above; digital edition contributions are dedicated under CC0 1.0. Chapter formatting and links adapted for this reader. New cover by Novel Grove; no source cover artwork is reused.
Read the source edition · Reuse terms · Author dates
Source revision: ed94a32be3e8. All literary chapters, epilogues and notes in the source reading order are included; publisher front and back matter are omitted. No translation has been made.
Original text copyright term calculation: India, 1878; Singapore, 1888. These dates do not apply to unrelated modern translations or artwork.
The Hound of the Baskervilles
Author: Arthur Conan Doyle (died 1930). Original publication: 1902. Language: English.
English original. Text prepared from the Standard Ebooks edition. Original author credited above; digital edition contributions are dedicated under CC0 1.0. Chapter formatting and links adapted for this reader. New cover by Novel Grove; no source cover artwork is reused.
Read the source edition · Reuse terms · Author dates
Source revision: ba4c5526160e. All literary chapters, epilogues and notes in the source reading order are included; publisher front and back matter are omitted. No translation has been made.
Original text copyright term calculation: India, 1991; Singapore, 2001. These dates do not apply to unrelated modern translations or artwork.
The Time Machine
Author: H. G. Wells (died 1946). Original publication: 1895. Language: English.
English original. Text prepared from the Standard Ebooks edition. Original author credited above; digital edition contributions are dedicated under CC0 1.0. Chapter formatting and links adapted for this reader. New cover by Novel Grove; no source cover artwork is reused.
Read the source edition · Reuse terms · Author dates
Source revision: 9fd22d612e6e. All literary chapters, epilogues and notes in the source reading order are included; publisher front and back matter are omitted. No translation has been made.
Original text copyright term calculation: India, 2007; Singapore, 2017. These dates do not apply to unrelated modern translations or artwork.
Editorial and cover notes
Historical fiction can contain dated language and social attitudes. New cover designs and short catalogue descriptions were prepared for Novel Grove; we do not claim ownership of the original public-domain novels.
References
India Copyright Act, Chapter V · Singapore IPOS Copyright 101. Sources checked on 19 October 2026.
Additional Hindi classics
Original Hindi texts checked on 19 October 2026. These are lifetime-published works by Premchand (died 1936) and Jaishankar Prasad (died 1937), rather than later translations. Website navigation, modern biographies, introductions and third-party cover art are not reproduced.
सेवासदन · Sevasadan
Author: प्रेमचंद · Premchand (died 1936). First published: 1918. Original Hindi text.
Hindi Samay transcription of the original novel. All 57 chapters are included; missing headings 31 and 38 were restored at matching text boundaries checked against the Hindi Kahani / Hindi Kavita edition. No novel text is omitted; publisher title matter is excluded.
Source edition · Author dates · Publication reference · Cross-check edition
Original literary copyright term: public domain in India from 1 January 1997 and in Singapore from 1 January 2007. This assessment applies to the original work, not unrelated modern translations, commentary or illustrations.
Chapter/section source pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57
प्रेमाश्रम · Premashram
Author: प्रेमचंद · Premchand (died 1936). First published: 1922. Original Hindi text.
Complete continuous Hindi Samay text. This transcription does not preserve numbered chapter breaks. Novel Grove divides it at paragraph boundaries into reading sections (पाठ-खंड), not claimed as the original chapter numbering. Only the title and author heading are omitted.
Source edition · Author dates · Publication reference
Original literary copyright term: public domain in India from 1 January 1997 and in Singapore from 1 January 2007. This assessment applies to the original work, not unrelated modern translations, commentary or illustrations.
Chapter/section source pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
कायाकल्प · Kayakalp
Author: प्रेमचंद · Premchand (died 1936). First published: 1926. Original Hindi text.
Hindi Samay transcription identifying the 1926 first edition, Bhargava Pustakalaya, Benares. All 56 chapters and the epilogue are included; publisher title matter is omitted.
Source edition · Author dates · Publication reference
Original literary copyright term: public domain in India from 1 January 1997 and in Singapore from 1 January 2007. This assessment applies to the original work, not unrelated modern translations, commentary or illustrations.
Chapter/section source pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57
प्रतिज्ञा · Pratigya
Author: प्रेमचंद · Premchand (died 1936). First published: 1927. Original Hindi text.
Hindi Samay legacy edition, all 18 chapters. The chapter 16 navigation link erroneously repeats chapter 15; the separate chapter 16 page was recovered and checked. Site menus and author biography are excluded.
Source edition · Author dates · Publication reference
Original literary copyright term: public domain in India from 1 January 1997 and in Singapore from 1 January 2007. This assessment applies to the original work, not unrelated modern translations, commentary or illustrations.
Chapter/section source pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
कंकाल · Kankal
Author: जयशंकर प्रसाद · Jaishankar Prasad (died 1937). First published: 1929. Original Hindi text.
Original Hindi novel, Hindi Samay transcription. All four parts are included. The missing heading for part 4, section 8 was restored at the text boundary checked against the Hindi Kahani / Hindi Kavita edition. Modern website navigation and author biography are omitted.
Source edition · Author dates · Publication reference · Cross-check edition
Original literary copyright term: public domain in India from 1 January 1998 and in Singapore from 1 January 2008. This assessment applies to the original work, not unrelated modern translations, commentary or illustrations.
Chapter/section source pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Illustrated covers
The nine illustrated classic covers were newly generated for Novel Grove using an AI image tool. They are editorial visual interpretations, not scans of publishers’ covers or historical documents. The original novels remain credited to their authors. Source text spelling is preserved; paragraph presentation is adjusted for web reading.